Tip

This is the documentation for the 19.12 version. Looking for the documentation of the latest version? Have a look here.

Inter-VLAN Routing

Use Case

Inter-VLAN routing is a process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN using a router or layer 3 device.

Example Scenario

This example configures TNSR with VLANs:

Item

Value

TNSR Internet Interface

GigabitEthernet0/14/1

TNSR Internet Address

203.0.113.2/24

TNSR Local Interface

GigabitEthernet0/14/2

TNSR VLAN 10 Interface

GigabitEthernet0/14/2.10

TNSR VLAN 10 Address

172.16.10.1/24

TNSR VLAN 20 Interface

GigabitEthernet0/14/2.20

TNSR VLAN 20 Address

172.16.20.1/24

../../_images/diagram-inter-vlan-routing.png

Inter-VLAN Routing Example

TNSR Configuration

A few pieces of information are necessary to create a VLAN subinterface (“subif”):

  • The parent interface which will carry the tagged traffic, e.g. GigabitEthernet3/0/0

  • The subinterface ID number, which is a positive integer that uniquely identifies this subif on the parent interface. It is commonly set to the same value as the VLAN tag

  • The VLAN tag used by the subif to tag outgoing traffic, and to use for identifying incoming traffic bound for this subif. This is an integer in the range 1-4095, inclusive. This VLAN must also be tagged on the corresponding switch configuration for the port used by the parent interface.

Create Subinterfaces

First, create subinterfaces for VLAN 10 and VLAN 20:

tnsr(config)# interface subif GigabitEthernet0/14/2 10
tnsr(config-subif)# dot1q 10
tnsr(config-subif)# exact-match
tnsr(config-subif)# exit
tnsr(config)# interface subif GigabitEthernet0/14/2 20
tnsr(config-subif)# dot1q 20
tnsr(config-subif)# exact-match
tnsr(config-subif)# exit

The subif interface appears with the parent interface name and the subif id, joined by a ..

Configure Interfaces

At this point,subinterface behaves identically to a regular interface in that it may have an IP address, routing, and so on:

tnsr(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.10
tnsr(config-interface)# ip address 172.16.10.1/24
tnsr(config-interface)# description VLAN10
tnsr(config-interface)# enable
tnsr(config-interface)# exit
tnsr(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.20
tnsr(config-interface)# ip address 172.16.20.1/24
tnsr(config-interface)# description VLAN20
tnsr(config-interface)# enable
tnsr(config-interface)# exit

Configure DHCP

Next, configure the DHCP server and DHCP pool on TNSR for each VLAN.

For VLAN 10:

tnsr(config)# dhcp4 server
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# description LAN DHCP Server
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# interface listen GigabitEthernet0/14/2.10
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# option domain-name
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4-opt)# data example.com
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4-opt)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# subnet 172.16.10.0/24
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# pool 172.16.10.100-172.16.10.245
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-pool)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.10
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# option domain-name-servers
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# data 172.16.10.1
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# option routers
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# data 172.16.10.1
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# exit

And for VLAN 20:

tnsr(config)# dhcp4 server
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# interface listen GigabitEthernet0/14/2.20
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# subnet 172.16.20.0/24
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# pool 172.16.20.100-172.16.20.245
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-pool)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.20
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# option domain-name-servers
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# data 172.16.20.1
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4)# option routers
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# data 172.16.20.1
tnsr(config-kea-subnet4-opt)# exit
tnsr(config-kea-dhcp4)# exit
tnsr(config)# dhcp4 enable

Configure Outbound NAT

Now configure Outbound NAT:

tnsr(config)# nat pool addresses 203.0.113.2
tnsr(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/1
tnsr(config-interface)# ip nat outside
tnsr(config-interface)# exit
tnsr(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.10
tnsr(config-interface)# ip nat inside
tnsr(config-interface)# exit
tnsr(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2.20
tnsr(config-interface)# ip nat inside
tnsr(config-interface)# exit
tnsr(config)# nat global-options nat44 forwarding true
tnsr(config)#

Configure DNS Resolver

Finally, configure a DNS Resolver in forwarding mode:

tnsr# configure
tnsr(config)# unbound server
tnsr(config-unbound)# interface 127.0.0.1
tnsr(config-unbound)# interface 172.16.10.1
tnsr(config-unbound)# interface 172.16.20.1
tnsr(config-unbound)# outgoing-interface 203.0.113.2
tnsr(config-unbound)# access-control 172.16.10.0/24 allow
tnsr(config-unbound)# access-control 172.16.20.0/24 allow
tnsr(config-unbound)# forward-zone .
tnsr(config-unbound-fwd-zone)# nameserver address 8.8.8.8
tnsr(config-unbound-fwd-zone)# nameserver address 8.8.4.4
tnsr(config-unbound-fwd-zone)# exit
tnsr(config-unbound)# exit
tnsr(config)# unbound enable

Now there are two VLANs on the physical “LAN” port and interface GigabitEthernet0/14/2 now works as trunk port between TNSR and downstream L2/L3 switch.

This switch must be configured to match the expected VLAN tags and it must also have access ports configured for clients on each VLAN.